This map shows the petroleum activity of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in the year 1972, we appreciate the location of the oil fields, the crude oil pipeline, the locations of the refineries and the petrochemical complex. Although the oil activity began in the pre-Hispanic era (when oil was used to caulk and waterproof vessels), but its exploitation began formally in colonial times. In the 1970s, oil-producing countries entered into agreements with other oil companies to increase their ownership interest.