{"id":9917,"date":"2022-04-07T22:40:46","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T22:40:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/?post_type=ficha&#038;p=9917"},"modified":"2026-10-04T18:20:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T18:20:19","slug":"napoleon-bonaparte","status":"publish","type":"ficha","link":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/fichier\/napoleon-bonaparte\/","title":{"rendered":"Napole\u00f3n Bonaparte"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><label style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Napol\u00e9on repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme roi d&#8217;Italie. Il porte le \u00abGrand Aigle\u00bb (collier) de sa L\u00e9gion d&#8217;Honneur (fran\u00e7aise) et la ceinture et l&#8217;\u00e9toile de l&#8217;Ordre de la Couronne de Fer ; oeuvre d&#8217;Andrea Appiani en 1805.<\/label><\/p>\n<p><strong>Napole\u00f3n Bonaparte<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Napole\u00f3n Bonaparte (1769\u20131821) fue un militar y estadista franc\u00e9s que lleg\u00f3 a ser emperador de los franceses y una de las figuras m\u00e1s influyentes de la historia europea.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Or\u00edgenes<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9923\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9923\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/Napoleon-a-la-bataille-d-Austerlitz-le-2-decembre-1805.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9923\" style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 360px; height: auto;\" title=\"Napol\u00e9on \u00e0 la bataille d'Austerlitz, 2 d\u00e9cembre 1805.\" src=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/Napoleon-a-la-bataille-d-Austerlitz-le-2-decembre-1805-300x149.jpg\" alt=\"Napol\u00e9on \u00e0 la bataille d'Austerlitz, 2 d\u00e9cembre 1805.\" width=\"360\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/Napoleon-a-la-bataille-d-Austerlitz-le-2-decembre-1805-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/Napoleon-a-la-bataille-d-Austerlitz-le-2-decembre-1805-1024x508.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/Napoleon-a-la-bataille-d-Austerlitz-le-2-decembre-1805-768x381.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/Napoleon-a-la-bataille-d-Austerlitz-le-2-decembre-1805-1536x761.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/Napoleon-a-la-bataille-d-Austerlitz-le-2-decembre-1805-2048x1015.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/Napoleon-a-la-bataille-d-Austerlitz-le-2-decembre-1805-1600x793.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9923\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><label style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Napol\u00e9on \u00e0 la bataille d&#8217;Austerlitz, 2 d\u00e9cembre 1805.<\/label><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Nacimiento: 15 de agosto de 1769, en Ajaccio, C\u00f3rcega.<\/li>\n<li>Se form\u00f3 como oficial de artiller\u00eda.<\/li>\n<li>Destac\u00f3 durante las guerras de la Revoluci\u00f3n francesa.<\/li>\n<li>En 1799 protagoniz\u00f3 el golpe de Estado del 18 de Brumario, que puso fin al Directorio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Emperador de Francia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En 1804 fue proclamado emperador de los franceses y coronado en Par\u00eds.<\/p>\n<p>Durante su gobierno reorganiz\u00f3 profundamente el Estado franc\u00e9s. Entre sus principales reformas destacan:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9762\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9762\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/269\/Carte-des-divisions-administratives-du-Premier-Empire-Francais-en-1812.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9762\" style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 360px; height: auto;\" title=\"Carte du territoire de la France \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e sous Napol\u00e9on.\" src=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/269\/Carte-des-divisions-administratives-du-Premier-Empire-Francais-en-1812-300x253.png\" alt=\"Carte du territoire de la France \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e sous Napol\u00e9on.\" width=\"360\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/269\/Carte-des-divisions-administratives-du-Premier-Empire-Francais-en-1812-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/269\/Carte-des-divisions-administratives-du-Premier-Empire-Francais-en-1812-1024x862.png 1024w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/269\/Carte-des-divisions-administratives-du-Premier-Empire-Francais-en-1812-768x647.png 768w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/269\/Carte-des-divisions-administratives-du-Premier-Empire-Francais-en-1812-1536x1293.png 1536w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/269\/Carte-des-divisions-administratives-du-Premier-Empire-Francais-en-1812-2048x1725.png 2048w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/269\/Carte-des-divisions-administratives-du-Premier-Empire-Francais-en-1812-1600x1347.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9762\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><label style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Carte du territoire de la France \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e sous Napol\u00e9on.<\/label><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f3digo Civil de 1804, conocido posteriormente como C\u00f3digo Napole\u00f3nico.<\/li>\n<li>Centralizaci\u00f3n administrativa.<\/li>\n<li>Reforma de la educaci\u00f3n y creaci\u00f3n de los liceos.<\/li>\n<li>Reorganizaci\u00f3n fiscal y financiera.<\/li>\n<li>Fortalecimiento de la administraci\u00f3n y del Estado.<\/li>\n<li>Concordato de 1801 con la Iglesia cat\u00f3lica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Las guerras napole\u00f3nicas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Napole\u00f3n dirigi\u00f3 numerosas campa\u00f1as militares en Europa. Entre sus victorias m\u00e1s importantes se encuentran:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Austerlitz (1805), contra Austria y Rusia.<\/li>\n<li>Jena (1806), contra Prusia.<\/li>\n<li>Friedland (1807), contra Rusia.<\/li>\n<li>Wagram (1809), contra Austria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En torno a 1810-1812, el sistema napole\u00f3nico dominaba directa o indirectamente gran parte de Europa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La campa\u00f1a de Rusia de 1812<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9926\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9926\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/La-retraite-de-Napoleon-de-Moscou.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9926\" style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 360px; height: auto;\" title=\"La retraite de Napol\u00e9on de Moscou.\" src=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/La-retraite-de-Napoleon-de-Moscou-300x229.jpg\" alt=\"La retraite de Napol\u00e9on de Moscou.\" width=\"360\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/La-retraite-de-Napoleon-de-Moscou-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/La-retraite-de-Napoleon-de-Moscou-768x585.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/9917\/La-retraite-de-Napoleon-de-Moscou.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9926\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><label style=\"font-size: 15px;\">La retraite de Napol\u00e9on de Moscou.<\/label><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En 1812, Napole\u00f3n invadi\u00f3 Rusia al frente de la Grande Arm\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque lleg\u00f3 a Mosc\u00fa, las enormes distancias, la estrategia rusa de retirada y tierra quemada, la falta de suministros y el invierno provocaron una retirada desastrosa.<\/p>\n<p>La campa\u00f1a debilit\u00f3 enormemente el poder militar franc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ca\u00edda de Napole\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Despu\u00e9s de la campa\u00f1a de Rusia, varias potencias europeas se unieron contra Francia.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1813: derrota francesa en la batalla de Leipzig.<\/li>\n<li>1814: los aliados ocupan Par\u00eds y Napole\u00f3n abdica.<\/li>\n<li>Es enviado al exilio en la isla de Elba.<\/li>\n<li>1815: regresa a Francia durante los Cien D\u00edas.<\/li>\n<li>18 de junio de 1815: derrota en Waterloo.<\/li>\n<li>Es enviado al exilio definitivo en Santa Elena.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Napole\u00f3n muri\u00f3 all\u00ed el 5 de mayo de 1821, a los 51 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Legado<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Su legado es complejo. Por un lado, consolid\u00f3 instituciones que tuvieron una enorme influencia en Europa, especialmente el C\u00f3digo Civil, la administraci\u00f3n territorial y determinadas reformas educativas y financieras. Por otro, sus guerras provocaron enormes p\u00e9rdidas humanas y transformaron profundamente el mapa pol\u00edtico europeo.<\/p>\n<p>Su influencia se extendi\u00f3 mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de Francia y contribuy\u00f3 a la difusi\u00f3n de principios jur\u00eddicos y administrativos franceses en numerosos territorios europeos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Napole\u00f3n Bonaparte (1769\u20131821) fue un militar y estadista franc\u00e9s que lleg\u00f3 a ser emperador de los franceses y una de las figuras m\u00e1s influyentes de la &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9921,"template":"","categoria_ficha":[45],"class_list":["post-9917","ficha","type-ficha","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","categoria_ficha-cartes-de-la-france"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Napole\u00f3n Bonaparte - Gifex<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/fichier\/napoleon-bonaparte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Napole\u00f3n Bonaparte - 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