{"id":38214,"date":"2023-04-15T22:33:23","date_gmt":"2023-04-15T22:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/?post_type=ficha&#038;p=38214"},"modified":"2023-04-15T22:35:31","modified_gmt":"2023-04-15T22:35:31","slug":"cultures-precolombiennes-en-amerique-du-nord","status":"publish","type":"ficha","link":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/fichier\/cultures-precolombiennes-en-amerique-du-nord\/","title":{"rendered":"Cultures pr\u00e9colombiennes en Am\u00e9rique du Nord"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Carte des zones d\u2019occupation des cultures pr\u00e9colombiennes en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, au moment du contact <span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">avec les europ\u00e9ens<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Peuples indig\u00e8nes d&#8217;Am\u00e9rique du Nord<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>De nombreux ethnologues classent les peuples d&#8217;Am\u00e9rique du Nord en dix r\u00e9gions. Dans la liste suivante, les peuples sont class\u00e9s par r\u00e9gion d&#8217;origine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9gion arctique<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pal\u00e9oesquimaux<\/li>\n<li>Al\u00e9outes<\/li>\n<li>Inuits<\/li>\n<li>Yupiks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9gion sub-arctique<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ahtnas\u00a0(Ahtena, Nabesna)<\/li>\n<li>Anichinab\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Attikameks<\/li>\n<li>Babines<\/li>\n<li>Chilcotins\u00a0(ou Tsilhqot\u2019in)<\/li>\n<li>Couteaux-jaunes<\/li>\n<li>Cris<\/li>\n<li>Dakelh (Porteurs en fran\u00e7ais)<\/li>\n<li>Danezaa\u00a0(ou Dunneza, Tsattine, Beaver)<\/li>\n<li>Deg hit&#8217;an<\/li>\n<li>Dena&#8217;ina\u00a0(ou Tanaina)<\/li>\n<li>Gwich\u2019in<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e4ns<\/li>\n<li>Hare<\/li>\n<li>Holikachuk<\/li>\n<li>Innus\u00a0(Montagnais)<\/li>\n<li>Kaska\u00a0(Nahane)<\/li>\n<li>Kolchan\u00a0(Kuskowim sup\u00e9rieur)<\/li>\n<li>Koyukon<\/li>\n<li>Mountain<\/li>\n<li>Naskapis<\/li>\n<li>Nisga&#8217;a<\/li>\n<li>Ojibw\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Oji-Cris<\/li>\n<li>Sekani<\/li>\n<li>Sahtus\u00a0(Bearlakes)<\/li>\n<li>Slavey\u00a0(dialectes\u00a0:\u00a0Hay River,\u00a0Simpson Providence,\u00a0Liard,\u00a0Fort Nelson)<\/li>\n<li>Tagish<\/li>\n<li>Tahltans<\/li>\n<li>Tanacross<\/li>\n<li>Tchipewyans<\/li>\n<li>Tlichos\u00a0(Dogrib)<\/li>\n<li>Tlingits<\/li>\n<li>Tsetsaut<\/li>\n<li>Tsimshians<\/li>\n<li>Tutchone du Nord<\/li>\n<li>Tutchone du Sud<\/li>\n<li>Wet&#8217;suwet&#8217;en<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Californie<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"colonnes\">\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Achomawi\u00a0(Indiens de la Pit River)<\/li>\n<li>Antonia\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Atsugewi<\/li>\n<li>Bear River<\/li>\n<li>Cahuillas<\/li>\n<li>Campo<\/li>\n<li>Chukchansi<\/li>\n<li>Chumash\n<ul>\n<li>dialectes\u00a0:\n<ul>\n<li>Rose\u00f1o,<\/li>\n<li>Chumash purisime\u00f1o,<\/li>\n<li>Barbare\u00f1o,<\/li>\n<li>Ineze\u00f1o,<\/li>\n<li>Venture\u00f1o,<\/li>\n<li>Obispe\u00f1o,<\/li>\n<li>Cruze\u00f1o,<\/li>\n<li>Emigdiano<\/li>\n<li>Allilik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chilula<\/li>\n<li>Chimariko<\/li>\n<li>Costanoan\n<ul>\n<li>dialectes\u00a0:\n<ul>\n<li>Ramaytush,<\/li>\n<li>Juichen,<\/li>\n<li>Choche\u00f1o,<\/li>\n<li>Tamyen,<\/li>\n<li>Awaswas,<\/li>\n<li>Chalon,<\/li>\n<li>Mutsun,<\/li>\n<li>Rumsen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cupe\u00f1os<\/li>\n<li>Diegue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Esselen<\/li>\n<li>Fernete\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Gabrieli\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Giamina<\/li>\n<li>Huchnom<\/li>\n<li>Hupas<\/li>\n<li>Ipai<\/li>\n<li>Jamul<\/li>\n<li>Juane\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Kamia<\/li>\n<li>Karuk<\/li>\n<li>Kato<\/li>\n<li>Kiliwa<\/li>\n<li>Kitanemuk<\/li>\n<li>Konomihu<\/li>\n<li>Konkow<\/li>\n<li>Kumeyaay<\/li>\n<li>Lassik<\/li>\n<li>Luise\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Maidu<\/li>\n<li>Mattole<\/li>\n<li>Mesa Grete<\/li>\n<li>Miguele\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Mission Indians<\/li>\n<li>Miwoks\u00a0(Me-wuk)<\/li>\n<li>Modocs<\/li>\n<li>Mojaves<\/li>\n<li>Monache<\/li>\n<li>Nakipa<\/li>\n<li>Nisenan<\/li>\n<li>Nomlaki<\/li>\n<li>Nongatl<\/li>\n<li>Ohlones<\/li>\n<li>Paipai\u00a0(Akwa&#8217;ala)<\/li>\n<li>Patwin<\/li>\n<li>Pomos<\/li>\n<li>Salinan<\/li>\n<li>San Clemente<\/li>\n<li>San Nicolas<\/li>\n<li>Santa Catalina<\/li>\n<li>Serrano<\/li>\n<li>Shastas<\/li>\n<li>Sinkyone<\/li>\n<li>Tache<\/li>\n<li>Tachi<\/li>\n<li>Tataviam<\/li>\n<li>Tipai<\/li>\n<li>Tolowa<\/li>\n<li>Tongvas<\/li>\n<li>Tsnungwe<\/li>\n<li>Tubatulabal<\/li>\n<li>Wailaki<\/li>\n<li>Wappos<\/li>\n<li>Whilkut<\/li>\n<li>Wintun<\/li>\n<li>Wiyots<\/li>\n<li>Yanas\n<ul>\n<li>Yahis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Yocha Dehe<\/li>\n<li>Yokuts<\/li>\n<li>Yukis<\/li>\n<li>Coast Yuki<\/li>\n<li>Yuroks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>For\u00eats de l&#8217;Est<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ab\u00e9naquis<\/li>\n<li>Accohannock\u00a0(Marylet)<\/li>\n<li>Algonquins<\/li>\n<li>Andastes<\/li>\n<li>B\u00e9othuks\u00a0ou\u00a0Newfoundlet<\/li>\n<li>Caniba<\/li>\n<li>Cherokees<\/li>\n<li>Conoy<\/li>\n<li>Winnebagos<\/li>\n<li>Hurons-Wendats\u00a0(au sud de la\u00a0baie G\u00e9orgienne\u00a0en\u00a0Ontario, maintenant en\u00a0Oklahoma\u00a0et \u00e0\u00a0Wendake\u00a0au\u00a0Qu\u00e9bec)<\/li>\n<li>Illinois\u00a0(Illini) ont donn\u00e9 leur nom \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00c9tat qui occupe leur territoire, l&#8217;Illinois<\/li>\n<li>Iroquois\u00a0(New York)\n<ul>\n<li>Cayugas<\/li>\n<li>Mohawks<\/li>\n<li>Onneiouts<\/li>\n<li>Onondagas<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e9n\u00e9cas\u00a0ou Tsonnontouans<\/li>\n<li>Tuscaroras<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Kickapous\u00a0(Illinois,\u00a0Missouri,\u00a0Kansas,\u00a0Oklahoma,\u00a0Texas)<\/li>\n<li>Laurentiens<\/li>\n<li>Lenni-Lenape\u00a0(Pennsylvanie,\u00a0Delaware,\u00a0New Jersey, aujourd&#8217;hui en\u00a0Oklahoma\u00a0(\u00e0 la suite de la d\u00e9portation du\u00a0Indian Removal Act))<\/li>\n<li>Loup A<\/li>\n<li>Loup B<\/li>\n<li>Mal\u00e9cites\u00a0(Etchemins)<\/li>\n<li>Mascoutins<\/li>\n<li>Massachusetts<\/li>\n<li>Menominee<\/li>\n<li>Micmacs\u00a0(Maine, Qu\u00e9bec, et r\u00e9gions atlantiques du\u00a0Canada)<\/li>\n<li>Miamis\u00a0(Indiana\u00a0maintenant en Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Mingos\u00a0(Pennsylvanie,\u00a0Ohio)<\/li>\n<li>Mohicans\n<ul>\n<li>Mohegans<\/li>\n<li>Mohicans<\/li>\n<li>Pequots<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Montauks\u00a0(New York)<\/li>\n<li>Munsee<\/li>\n<li>Nanticokes<\/li>\n<li>Narragansetts\u00a0(Rhode Island)<\/li>\n<li>Natick<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9ri\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Neutres<\/li>\n<li>Nipissing<\/li>\n<li>Nipmuck\u00a0(Massachusetts)<\/li>\n<li>Nottoway\u00a0(Virginie)<\/li>\n<li>Ojibw\u00e9s\u00a0(Chippewa, Anishaabe) (Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Dakota du Nord, Montana)<\/li>\n<li>Oji-Cree<\/li>\n<li>Ottawa<\/li>\n<li>Paugusset\u00a0(Connecticut)<\/li>\n<li>Passamaquoddys\u00a0(Maine)<\/li>\n<li>Pentagouets\u00a0(Maine)<\/li>\n<li>Peorias\u00a0(Illinois, d\u00e9port\u00e9s en\u00a0Oklahoma\u00a0par le\u00a0Indian Removal Act)<\/li>\n<li>P\u00e9tuns<\/li>\n<li>Pocumtuk<\/li>\n<li>Poospatuck\u00a0(New York)<\/li>\n<li>Pot\u00e9ouatamis\u00a0(Michigan)<\/li>\n<li>Powhatans\u00a0(Virginie)<\/li>\n<li>Quiripi<\/li>\n<li>Ramapough Mountain Indians\u00a0(New Jersey)<\/li>\n<li>Mesquakies<\/li>\n<li>Hopewell\u00a0(Ohio et r\u00e9gion de la\u00a0Black River<\/li>\n<li>Sauks<\/li>\n<li>Saulteaux<\/li>\n<li>Secotan<\/li>\n<li>Chaouanons\u00a0(Ohio, Pennsylvanie (la plupart ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9port\u00e9s en\u00a0Oklahoma\u00a0par le\u00a0Indian Removal Act))<\/li>\n<li>Shinnecock\u00a0(New York)<\/li>\n<li>Souriquoian<\/li>\n<li>Unalachtigo<\/li>\n<li>Unami<\/li>\n<li>Unquachog<\/li>\n<li>Wampanoags\u00a0(Massachusetts)<\/li>\n<li>Wappinger<\/li>\n<li>Wawenoc<\/li>\n<li>Weas<\/li>\n<li>Wenros<\/li>\n<li>Wyetot\/Huron (au sud de la baie G\u00e9orgienne en Ontario \u00e0 l&#8217;origine, d\u00e9port\u00e9s par le Indian Removal Act en Oklahoma ; et \u00e0 Wendake, Qu\u00e9bec)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Grand bassin<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bannocks<\/li>\n<li>Chemehuevi<\/li>\n<li>Gosiutes\u00a0(Utah)<\/li>\n<li>Kawaiisu<\/li>\n<li>Koso<\/li>\n<li>Mandas (enti\u00e8rement extermin\u00e9s, vivaient dans le\u00a0Dakota du Nord\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>Mono<\/li>\n<li>Owen&#8217;s Valley<\/li>\n<li>Paiute du Nord, (Californie, Nevada, Oregon (Burns-Paiute), Arizona)<\/li>\n<li>Paiute du Sud\u00a0(Kaibab)<\/li>\n<li>Timbisha<\/li>\n<li>Paviotso<\/li>\n<li>Shoshones\u00a0(Shoshoni) (Nevada, Wyoming, Californie)<\/li>\n<li>Wind River Shoshone<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcmpisa<\/li>\n<li>Utes\u00a0(Utah, Colorado)<\/li>\n<li>Washo\u00a0(Nevada, Californie)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Plateaux<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"colonnes\">\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Cayuses\u00a0en\u00a0Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Celilo\u00a0(Wayampam)<\/li>\n<li>Chinookans\u00a0sup\u00e9rieurs\n<ul>\n<li>dialectes\u00a0:\n<ul>\n<li>Clackamas,<\/li>\n<li>Cascades,<\/li>\n<li>Hood River,<\/li>\n<li>Wasco,<\/li>\n<li>Wishram,<\/li>\n<li>Kathlamet,<\/li>\n<li>Wishram,<\/li>\n<li>Cathlamet,<\/li>\n<li>Multnomah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Columbian\n<ul>\n<li>dialectes\u00a0:\n<ul>\n<li>Wenatchi,<\/li>\n<li>Sinkayuse,<\/li>\n<li>Chelans)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>C\u0153ur d&#8217;Al\u00e8ne\u00a0Idaho<\/li>\n<li>Colville,\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Cowlitz\u00a0sup\u00e9rieurs<\/li>\n<li>Flatbow<\/li>\n<li>T\u00eates-Plates<\/li>\n<li>Fountain<\/li>\n<li>John Day<\/li>\n<li>Kalispel,Washington<\/li>\n<li>Kittitas<\/li>\n<li>Klamaths<\/li>\n<li>Klikitat,\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Kootenay\u00a0(ou Kutenai),\u00a0Idaho<\/li>\n<li>Lakes<\/li>\n<li>Lillooet<\/li>\n<li>Lower Snake\n<ul>\n<li>Chamnapam,<\/li>\n<li>Wauyukma,<\/li>\n<li>Naxiyampam<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Modocs<\/li>\n<li>Molala\u00a0(Molale) en Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Nez-Perc\u00e9s\u00a0dans l&#8217;\u00c9tat de l&#8217;Idaho<\/li>\n<li>Nicola<\/li>\n<li>Okanagan\u00a0(dialectes du sud et du nord)<\/li>\n<li>Palus\u00a0(Palouses)<\/li>\n<li>Pend d&#8217;Oreilles<\/li>\n<li>Rock Creek<\/li>\n<li>Sahaptins<\/li>\n<li>Sanpoil<\/li>\n<li>Shuswap<\/li>\n<li>Spokanes,\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Tenino<\/li>\n<li>Thompson<\/li>\n<li>Tygh<\/li>\n<li>Tygh Valley<\/li>\n<li>Umatillas\u00a0en Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Nisqually\u00a0sup\u00e9rieurs (Mishalpan)<\/li>\n<li>Walla Walla\u00a0en Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Wanapum<\/li>\n<li>Wascos\u00a0en Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Yakamas\u00a0dans l&#8217;\u00c9tat de\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9gions c\u00f4ti\u00e8res du nord-ouest<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"colonnes\">\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Alsea<\/li>\n<li>Applegate<\/li>\n<li>Bella Bella<\/li>\n<li>Bella Coola<\/li>\n<li>Calapooia ou Calapuya, voir Kalapuya<\/li>\n<li>Chasta Costa<\/li>\n<li>Chehalis\u00a0(bas et haut) Washington<\/li>\n<li>Chemakum\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Chetco<\/li>\n<li>Chilliwak<\/li>\n<li>Chinook\n<ul>\n<li>dialectes:\n<ul>\n<li>Lower Chinook,<\/li>\n<li>Upper Chinook,<\/li>\n<li>Clackamas,<\/li>\n<li>Wasco.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chinook Jargon<\/li>\n<li>Clatsop<\/li>\n<li>Clatskanie\u00a0(Tlatskanie)<\/li>\n<li>Comox<\/li>\n<li>Coos\u00a0{Hanis} Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Lower Coquille\u00a0(Miluk) Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Upper Coquille<\/li>\n<li>Cowichan<\/li>\n<li>Lower Cowlitz\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Duwamish\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Eyak Alaska<\/li>\n<li>Galice<\/li>\n<li>Ha\u00efdas\n<ul>\n<li>Dialectes\u00a0:\n<ul>\n<li>Kaigani,<\/li>\n<li>Skidegate,<\/li>\n<li>Masset Alaska<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Haihai<\/li>\n<li>Haisla<\/li>\n<li>Halkomelem<\/li>\n<li>Heiltsuk<\/li>\n<li>Hohs\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>North Kalapuya\n<ul>\n<li>Dialectes\u00a0:\n<ul>\n<li>Yamhill\u00a0ou\u00a0Yamel,<\/li>\n<li>Tualatins\u00a0ou\u00a0Tfalati\u00a0ou\u00a0Atfalati.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Central Kalapuya\n<ul>\n<li>Dialectes\u00a0:\n<ul>\n<li>Santiam,<\/li>\n<li>Mary&#8217;s River,<\/li>\n<li>Lakmiut,<\/li>\n<li>Ahantchuyuk,<\/li>\n<li>Lower McKenzie ou Mohawk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>South Kalapuya\u00a0(Yonkalla ou Yoncalla)<\/li>\n<li>Kimsquit<\/li>\n<li>Kitimat<\/li>\n<li>Klallam\u00a0ou\u00a0Clallam\n<ul>\n<li>Dialectes:\n<ul>\n<li>Klallam (Lower Elwha),<\/li>\n<li>S&#8217;Klallam (Jamestown),<\/li>\n<li>S&#8217;Klallam (Port Gamble))<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Klemtu<\/li>\n<li>Klickitat<\/li>\n<li>Koskimo<\/li>\n<li>Kwalhioqua<\/li>\n<li>Kwakwaka&#8217;wakw<\/li>\n<li>Kwalhioqua<\/li>\n<li>Kwantlem<\/li>\n<li>Kwatamis<\/li>\n<li>Upper Illinois\u00a0ou (Rogue River) Oregon, Californie<\/li>\n<li>LummiWashington<\/li>\n<li>Lushootseed<\/li>\n<li>Makah\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Muckleshoot\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Musqueam<\/li>\n<li>Nanaimo<\/li>\n<li>Niskwalli<\/li>\n<li>Nooksack\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Nisqually\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Pentlatch<\/li>\n<li>Puyallups\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Quileute\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Quinaults\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Rivers Inlet<\/li>\n<li>Saanich<\/li>\n<li>Samish<\/li>\n<li>Sauk-Suiattle\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Sechelt<\/li>\n<li>Shoalwater Bay\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Siletz Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Siuslaw\u00a0Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Skagit<\/li>\n<li>Skokomish\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Sliammon<\/li>\n<li>Snohomish<\/li>\n<li>Songish<\/li>\n<li>Sooke<\/li>\n<li>Tribu de\u00a0Squaxin Islet\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Spokanes\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Stillaguamish\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Squamish\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Swinomish\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Ta\u00eft<\/li>\n<li>Takelma\u00a0Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Talio<\/li>\n<li>Tillamooks\u00a0(Nehalem) Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Tlatlasikoala<\/li>\n<li>Tlingit\u00a0Alaska<\/li>\n<li>Tolowa-Tututni<\/li>\n<li>Tsimshians\n<ul>\n<li>Dialectes:\n<ul>\n<li>Hartley Bay,<\/li>\n<li>Prince Rupert,<\/li>\n<li>Giteto,<\/li>\n<li>Kitkatla)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tulalip\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Twana<\/li>\n<li>Lower Umpqua\u00a0Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Upper Umpqua\u00a0Oregon<\/li>\n<li>Upper Skagit\u00a0Washington<\/li>\n<li>Wikeno<\/li>\n<li>Yaquinas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Grandes plaines<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aranamas<\/li>\n<li>Arapahos\u00a0(Arapahoe, Gens de Vache)<\/li>\n<li>Atsina\u00a0(Gros Ventre des Prairies)<\/li>\n<li>Besawunenas<\/li>\n<li>Caddo<\/li>\n<li>Cheyennes<\/li>\n<li>Chicachas<\/li>\n<li>Comanches<\/li>\n<li>Cris des plaines\u00a0(Nehiyaw)<\/li>\n<li>Hasinais<\/li>\n<li>Karankawas<\/li>\n<li>Kaws\u00a0(Kanza)<\/li>\n<li>Kiowas<\/li>\n<li>Kiowa Apache\u00a0(Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Kitsai<\/li>\n<li>Lipan<\/li>\n<li>Metan\u00a0(Dakota du Nord)<\/li>\n<li>Mississaugas<\/li>\n<li>Nawathinehena<\/li>\n<li>Plains Ojibwe<\/li>\n<li>Ottawa\u00a0(Michigan; Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Pawnees\u00a0(Dialectes:\u00a0South Bet,\u00a0Skiri) (Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Pikunis\u00a0(Blackfeet, Piegan)<\/li>\n<li>Sahnish\u00a0(Arikara)<\/li>\n<li>Sarsi\u00a0(Tsuu T&#8217;ina)<\/li>\n<li>Sauks\u00a0(\u00e0 l&#8217;origine autour des Grands Lacs, d\u00e9port\u00e9s en 1830 par le\u00a0Indian Removal Act\u00a0au\u00a0Kansas, en\u00a0Oklahoma\u00a0et en\u00a0Iowa)<\/li>\n<li>Siksikas<\/li>\n<li>Sioux\n<ul>\n<li>Dakotas\n<ul>\n<li>Lakotas\u00a0(Sud du Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Nord-Est du Colorado)\n<ul>\n<li>Tetons\n<ul>\n<li>Hunkpapas<\/li>\n<li>Itazipacola\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Itazipco<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Sans-Arcs<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Mnikoozu\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Miniconjou<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Oglalas<\/li>\n<li>Oohenonpa\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Two-Kettle<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Sicangu\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Br\u00fbl\u00e9s<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Cuisses br\u00fbl\u00e9es<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Sihasapa\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Pieds-Noirs<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nakotas\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Yankton<\/i>. (Sud du Minnesota, Nord de l&#8217;Iowa, Nebraska, Nord et Sud du Dakota)\n<ul>\n<li>Assiniboines<\/li>\n<li>Hunkpati<\/li>\n<li>Ihanktonwan\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Yankton<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Ihanktonwana\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Yanktonai<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Santee\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Dakota<\/i>\u00a0par les autres tribus. (Minnesota, Nord-Est et Sud du Dakota, Iowa, Canada)\n<ul>\n<li>Mdwakanton\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Mdewkanton<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Sissetanwan\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Sisseton<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Wahpekute<\/li>\n<li>Wahpetonwan\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Wahpeton<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chiwere\n<ul>\n<li>Iowas<\/li>\n<li>Otos\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Otoe<\/i>. (Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Missouri\u00a0(Missouri)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dhegiha\n<ul>\n<li>Omahas\u00a0(Nebraska)<\/li>\n<li>Poncas\u00a0(Nebraska, Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Quapaws\u00a0(Arkansas, Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Osages\u00a0(Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Kansa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hidatsas\n<ul>\n<li>Hidatsas\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Gros Ventre du Missouri<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Crow\u00a0Aussi appel\u00e9s\u00a0<i>Corbeaux<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Absaroka<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Aps\u00e1alooke<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Mandans\n<ul>\n<li>Mandans<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Stoneys<\/li>\n<li>Tamique<\/li>\n<li>Tonkawas\u00a0(Oklahoma)<\/li>\n<li>Wichitas\u00a0(Oklahoma [Affiliated Tribes &#8211; Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi])<\/li>\n<li>Wyetot\u00a0(Ontario, Michigan)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9gions du sud-est<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"colonnes\">\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Adai<\/li>\n<li>Ais\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Alabamas<\/li>\n<li>Apalache\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Atakapas<\/li>\n<li>Bidai<\/li>\n<li>Biloxi\u00a0Mississippi<\/li>\n<li>Caddo<\/li>\n<li>Calusa<\/li>\n<li>Catobas<\/li>\n<li>Chatot<\/li>\n<li>Chawasha<\/li>\n<li>Cherokees<\/li>\n<li>Chiaha<\/li>\n<li>Chickahominy\u00a0Virginie<\/li>\n<li>Chickamaugas<\/li>\n<li>Chicachas<\/li>\n<li>Chitimachas<\/li>\n<li>Chactas<\/li>\n<li>Creeks\u00a0Alabama\u00a0; Oklahoma, Georgie<\/li>\n<li>Coushatta\u00a0Louisiana<\/li>\n<li>Coharies<\/li>\n<li>Cusabo<\/li>\n<li>Hitchitis<\/li>\n<li>Houmas\u00a0Louisiane<\/li>\n<li>Iswa<\/li>\n<li>Jeaga\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Koasati<\/li>\n<li>Lumbees<\/li>\n<li>Mattaponi\u00a0Virginie<\/li>\n<li>Meherrin\u00a0Caroline du Nord<\/li>\n<li>Mikasuki\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Mobile<\/li>\n<li>Mocama\u00a0Floride G\u00e9orgie<\/li>\n<li>Monacan\u00a0Virginie<\/li>\n<li>Nansemonds\u00a0Virginie<\/li>\n<li>Natchez\u00a0Mississippi, Louisiane<\/li>\n<li>Nottoway<\/li>\n<li>Ofo<\/li>\n<li>Pamlico\u00a0(Caroline)<\/li>\n<li>Pamunkey\u00a0Virginie<\/li>\n<li>Pee Dee\u00a0Caroline du Sud, Caroline du Nord<\/li>\n<li>Pensacola<\/li>\n<li>Rappahannock\u00a0Virginie<\/li>\n<li>Saponi<\/li>\n<li>Saturiwa\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Seminole\u00a0Floride; Oklahoma<\/li>\n<li>Tacatacuru\u00a0Floride, G\u00e9orgie<\/li>\n<li>Taensas<\/li>\n<li>Tawasa<\/li>\n<li>Tekesta\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Timucuas\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Topachula\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Tuskegee<\/li>\n<li>Tutelo<\/li>\n<li>Tunica\u00a0Mississippi<\/li>\n<li>Utina\u00a0Floride<\/li>\n<li>Waccamaw\u00a0Caroline du Nord, Caroline du Sud<\/li>\n<li>Woccon<\/li>\n<li>Yamasees<\/li>\n<li>Yuchis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9gions du sud-ouest<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"colonnes\">\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Ak Chin\u00a0Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Apache\u00a0Arizona, Nouveau-Mexique, Oklahoma<\/li>\n<li>Chiricahua<\/li>\n<li>Cochimi\u00a0Basse-Californie<\/li>\n<li>Cochiti<\/li>\n<li>Cocopa\u00a0Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Halchidhoma<\/li>\n<li>Hano\u00a0Arizona, R\u00e9serve Hopi<\/li>\n<li>Hualapai<\/li>\n<li>Havasupai\u00a0Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Hohokams\u00a0Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Hopis\u00a0Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0du Sud<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0du Sud (Isleta)<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Jemez<\/li>\n<li>Jicarilla<\/li>\n<li>Jumanos<\/li>\n<li>Karankawas<\/li>\n<li>Kavelchadhom<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Kerez<\/li>\n<li>Laguna<\/li>\n<li>Luceros<\/li>\n<li>Maricopas<\/li>\n<li>Mescaleros\u00a0Apache<\/li>\n<li>Mojaves<\/li>\n<li>Namb\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>Navajos<\/li>\n<li>Opata<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos Pecos<\/li>\n<li>Peric\u00fa, Basse Californie<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Picuris<\/li>\n<li>Pimas, Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Pima bajo<\/li>\n<li>Piro<\/li>\n<li>Pueblo tribu, Nouveau Mexique<\/li>\n<li>Qahatika<\/li>\n<li>Quechans, Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Setia (<i>Nafiat<\/i>\u00a0\u00e9tait le nom donn\u00e9 au Pueblos de Bernalillo)<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0San Carlos<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0San Felipe<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0San Idelfonso<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0San Juan<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Santa Ana<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Santa Clara<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Santo Domingo<\/li>\n<li>Seri<\/li>\n<li>Sumas<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Taos<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Tesuque<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Tewa<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Tigua<\/li>\n<li>Tobosos<\/li>\n<li>Tohono O&#8217;odham\u00a0(O&#8217;odham) Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Tonto du Nord<\/li>\n<li>Tonto du Sud<\/li>\n<li>Waicuri\u00a0(Guaicura) Baja California<\/li>\n<li>Walapai<\/li>\n<li>White Mountain<\/li>\n<li>Yaquis\u00a0(Yoeme)<\/li>\n<li>Yavapais\u00a0Arizona<\/li>\n<li>Yuman (Quechans)<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos Zia<\/li>\n<li>Pueblos\u00a0Zuni<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Peuples d&#8217;Am\u00e9rique centrale<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les Am\u00e9rindiens d&#8217;Am\u00e9rique centrale sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral class\u00e9 par langue mais aussi en fonction de leur environnement et des traits culturels communs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cara\u00efbes et Antilles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ciboneys<\/li>\n<li>Arawaks\n<ul>\n<li>Ta\u00efnos<\/li>\n<li>Lucayens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cara\u00efbes<\/li>\n<li>Garifunas<\/li>\n<li>Kuna<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>M\u00e9soam\u00e9rique<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Azt\u00e8que<\/li>\n<li>Conchos<\/li>\n<li>Guachichils<\/li>\n<li>Guaymis<\/li>\n<li>Huaxt\u00e8que<\/li>\n<li>Jicaques<\/li>\n<li>Lenca<\/li>\n<li>Maya\n<ul>\n<li>Mam<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Mosquitos\n<ul>\n<li>Quich\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Tzeltal<\/li>\n<li>Tzotzil<\/li>\n<li>Tojolabal<\/li>\n<li>Ch&#8217;ol<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Mazatec<\/li>\n<li>Mixt\u00e8que<\/li>\n<li>Nahua<\/li>\n<li>Otomi<\/li>\n<li>Olm\u00e8que<\/li>\n<li>Pames<\/li>\n<li>Papagos<\/li>\n<li>Pipil<\/li>\n<li>Tarahumaras<\/li>\n<li>Tepehuas<\/li>\n<li>Pur\u00e9pechas<\/li>\n<li>Teotihuacan<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e9pan\u00e8que<\/li>\n<li>Tolt\u00e8que<\/li>\n<li>Totonaque<\/li>\n<li>Ulvas<\/li>\n<li>Zapot\u00e8que<\/li>\n<li>Zoques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carte des zones d\u2019occupation des cultures pr\u00e9colombiennes en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, au moment du contact avec les europ\u00e9ens. Peuples indig\u00e8nes d&#8217;Am\u00e9rique du Nord.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38220,"template":"","categoria_ficha":[37],"class_list":["post-38214","ficha","type-ficha","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","categoria_ficha-cartes-de-l-amerique-du-nord"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ficha\/38214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ficha"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ficha"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ficha\/38214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38223,"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ficha\/38214\/revisions\/38223"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"categoria_ficha","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gifex.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categoria_ficha?post=38214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}